- At a star-delta start of electric motors it is often considered necessary to limit the compression work of the machine at the starting moment in order to reduce the starting torque of the electric motor.
- Usually, a solenoid valve is used in a by-pass arrangement which in the starting up phase short circuits the discharge side to the suction side of the compressor.
- At the same time, a non-return valve must be fitted in the discharge line to the condenser preventing the return flow of discharge gas to the compressor.
- When the electric motor has reached its max. number of revolutions per minute, a switch takes place from star to delta start.
- The solenoid valve is closed and the compressor now works under normal conditions.
1. High cost: Manganese bronze is a costly alloy, making it less economical for large propellers. 2. Low strength-to-weight ratio: Compared to other propeller materials like nickel-aluminum bronze or stainless steel, manganese bronze has a lower strength-to-weight ratio. 3. Susceptible to corrosion: Manganese bronze can corrode in seawater, especially when exposed to high velocities and turbulence. 4. Poor cavitation resistance: Manganese bronze is more prone to cavitation damage than other materials. 5. Difficult to cast and machine: Manganese bronze is challenging to cast and machine, making it less desirable for complex propeller geometries. 6. Limited weldability: Manganese bronze has poor weldability, making repairs and modifications difficult. Nickel-aluminum bronze or stainless steel are commonly used for propellers due to their: - High strength and durability - Excellent corrosion resistance - Good cavitation resistance - Ease of casting and machining - Weldability

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