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Hazard vs Risk


HazardRisk
A source of danger or something that can cause harmThe chance or probability that harm will occur due to the hazard
It is the causeIt is the effect / likelihood
Exists even if no one is exposedExists only when there is exposure
Example: Oil spill on deckExample: Slipping and injuring due to oil spill

Simple Definition

  • Hazard = What can cause harm?

  • Risk = How likely is the harm to happen and how severe will it be?

Maritime Example 

  • Hazard: Hot exhaust pipe in engine room

  • Risk: Crew member getting burnt while passing nearby

  • Hazard: Rotating machinery

  • Risk: Entanglement leading to serious injury

Formula (Engineering Safety)

Risk = Likelihood × Consequence\textbf{Risk = Likelihood × Consequence}

  • Likelihood → How often it may happen

  • Consequence → Severity of damage/injury

Hazard cannot be eliminated completely in shipping, but risk can be reduced through control measures like PPE, procedures, training, and safeguards.

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