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Carbon Sequestration

 

Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO₂) to prevent it from entering the atmosphere and contributing to climate change.

Types of carbon sequestration

1. Biological (Natural) sequestration

Carbon is absorbed and stored by living systems.

Examples:

  • 🌳 Forests and trees (photosynthesis)

  • 🌱 Soil and grasslands

  • 🌊 Oceans, mangroves, seagrass (blue carbon)

Pros: Natural, low cost
Cons: Limited capacity, reversible (fires, deforestation)

2. Geological sequestration

CO₂ is captured and stored underground in stable formations.

Storage sites:

  • Depleted oil & gas reservoirs

  • Deep saline aquifers

  • Unmineable coal seams

Pros: Large storage capacity
Cons: Expensive, needs monitoring

3. Technological / Engineered sequestration

Man-made methods to capture and store or use CO₂.

Examples:

  • Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

  • Direct Air Capture (DAC)

  • Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU – converting CO₂ into fuels, chemicals)

Pros: Can capture large volumes
Cons: High cost, energy intensive

4. Ocean-based sequestration

CO₂ is absorbed and stored in the marine environment.

Methods:

  • Natural ocean absorption

  • Algae and phytoplankton growth

  • Artificial ocean fertilisation (experimental)

Pros: Huge potential
Cons: Ecological risks, still under research

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