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Nairobi Convention – Who Pays for Wreck Removal

The Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks clearly states:

✅ The Registered Shipowner is liable to pay for wreck removal.

Key Points

1️⃣ Liability

  • The registered owner of the ship at the time of the maritime casualty is responsible.

  • Liability includes:

    • Locating the wreck

    • Marking the wreck

    • Removing the wreck

    • Preventing hazards to navigation and environment

2️⃣ Compulsory Insurance

  • Ships of 300 GT and above must have:

    • Wreck removal insurance

    • Certificate carried onboard

Insurance is usually provided by P&I Clubs.

3️⃣ Direct Action

  • The affected State can claim directly from the insurer.

  • Even if the shipowner cannot pay, the insurer is liable up to the limit.

4️⃣ Limitation of Liability

  • Shipowner can limit liability under:

    • Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC 1976, as amended)


Under the Nairobi Convention 2007, the registered shipowner is strictly liable for wreck removal costs, and ships above 300 GT must carry compulsory insurance, usually through P&I Clubs.

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