The Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks clearly states:
✅ The Registered Shipowner is liable to pay for wreck removal.
Key Points
1️⃣ Liability
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The registered owner of the ship at the time of the maritime casualty is responsible.
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Liability includes:
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Locating the wreck
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Marking the wreck
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Removing the wreck
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Preventing hazards to navigation and environment
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2️⃣ Compulsory Insurance
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Ships of 300 GT and above must have:
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Wreck removal insurance
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Certificate carried onboard
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Insurance is usually provided by P&I Clubs.
3️⃣ Direct Action
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The affected State can claim directly from the insurer.
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Even if the shipowner cannot pay, the insurer is liable up to the limit.
4️⃣ Limitation of Liability
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Shipowner can limit liability under:
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Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC 1976, as amended)
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Under the Nairobi Convention 2007, the registered shipowner is strictly liable for wreck removal costs, and ships above 300 GT must carry compulsory insurance, usually through P&I Clubs.
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