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Spoofing in Shipping

Spoofing in shipping refers to the deliberate transmission of false or misleading navigation data, usually through AIS or GPS, to hide a vessel’s true identity, position, or movements.

What is spoofing?

  • Sending fake GPS signals or false AIS data

  • Vessel appears at a wrong location, speed, or identity

  • Can make a ship appear:

    • On land

    • At multiple positions

    • As a different vessel

Types of spoofing

1️⃣ GPS Spoofing

  • False satellite signals mislead GPS receivers

  • Affects navigation, ECDIS, DP systems, and timing

2️⃣ AIS Spoofing

  • Fake AIS messages broadcast

  • Alters ship name, MMSI, position, or cargo type

Why spoofing is used

  • Sanctions evasion

  • Illegal trade / smuggling

  • Hiding port calls or cargo transfers

  • Military or geopolitical reasons

  • Piracy-related deception

Risks & dangers

  • Collision risk

  • Grounding

  • Loss of situational awareness

  • Legal and insurance consequences

  • PSC & vetting issues

Detection signs on board

  • GPS position inconsistent with radar or visual bearings

  • Sudden jumps in position on ECDIS

  • Multiple vessels appearing at same location

  • AIS data not matching ship particulars

Prevention & response

  • Cross-check GPS with:

    • Radar ranges/bearings

    • Visual fixes

    • Gyro & log

  • Use multiple GNSS systems

  • Switch to manual navigation methods

  • Inform Master and record in logbook

  • Report to flag state / company

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