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Engine Balancing

To  make  small  adjustments  to  each  unit  make  uniform power  generation in every unit. Pmax  by  timing  of  fuel  pump(vit  or  by  shims  to  pump  or  cam  floating and readjusting) Pcomp in ME engines by exh valve timing change. Pmax- Pcomp not more than 35 bar to avoid piston ring failure. Pi adjusted by fuel index. (But limits are The peak pressure difference can't be more than 3 to 5 for AE And max 10 for ME. Exhaust gas temp diff 40deg C. Fuel  rack  should  not  be  adjusted  more  than  10% Otherwise  we  have  to change the plunger and barrel)

Self locking nuts

lf-locking nuts provide tight connections that will not loosen under vibrations.  They meet critical specifications as to strength, corrosion resistance, and heat-resistant temperatures.  New selflocking nuts must be used each time components are installed. There are two general types of self-locking nuts.  They are the all metal nuts and the metal nuts with a nonmetallic insert to provide the locking action.  The elastic stop and the nonmetallic insert lock nut are examples of the nonmetallic insert type.  All metal self-locking nuts are constructed either of two ways. The threads in the load-carrying portion of the nut that is out of phase with the threads in the locking portion is one way.  The second way is with a saw-cut top portion with a pinched-in thread. The locking action of these types depends upon the resiliency of the metal.

Advantages of MLC

A comprehensive set of basic maritime labour principles and rights Simplification of international requirements A strong enforcement regime, backed by a certification system Verifiable compliance with basic minimum employment and social requirements Application to all ships including those of non-ratifying Members Improved working and living conditions for seafarers A more secure and responsible maritime workforce A more socially responsible shipping industry Improved social dialogue at all levels Seafarers better informed of their rights and remedies Improved supervision at all levels: the ship, the company, the flag state, the port state, and the ILO Global and uniform compliance and verification Improved possibilities of keeping labour conditions up to date Permanent review of maritime labour situation Positive impact on safety at sea Positive impact on the protection of the environment

Angle of Repose

Angle of Repose is the maximum slope angle of non-cohesive (i.e. free-flowing) granular material It is the angle between a horizontal plane and the cone slope of such material The angle of repose is a characteristic of non-cohesive bulk cargoes, which is indicative of cargo stability, and the purpose of which is to minimize the risk of bulk material shifting;  The cargo should be trimmed reasonably level to the boundaries of the cargo space Jn

Safe Manning

SOLAS CHAPTER V, REG 14 The principles of minimum safe manning set out in section 3 to ensure the safe operation of ships to which article III of the 1978 STCW Convention, as amended, applies, and the security of ships to which chapter XI-2 of the 1974 SOLAS Convention, as amended, Principle : The capability to  Maintain safe navigational, port, engineering and radio watches in accordance with regulation VIII/2 of the 1978 STCW Convention, as amended, and also maintain general surveillance of the ship;  Moor and unmoor the ship safely;  Manage the safety functions of the ship when employed in a stationary or near-stationary mode at sea; Perform operations, as appropriate, for the prevention of damage to the marine environment; Maintain the safety arrangements and the cleanliness of all accessible spaces to minimize the risk of fire; Provide for medical care on board ship; Ensure safe carriage of cargo during transit; Inspect and maintain, as appropriate, the str...

Maritime TORTS and types

Maritime law torts is a term covering cases where injury, loss or damage is caused to a person or their interests by another party’s action or negligence. Types of torts 3 types Intentional torts An intentional tort is a civil wrong that occurs when the wrongdoer engages in intentional conduct that results in damages to another. Negligence Careless conduct that results in damage to another is negligence Strict liability Generally, liability because of a tort only arises where the defendant either intended to cause harm to the plaintiff or in situations where the defendant is negligent.  However, in some areas, liability can arise even when there is no intention to cause harm or negligence. For example, in most states, when a contractor uses dynamite  which causes debris to be thrown onto the land of another and damages the landowner’s house, the landowner